Archetypes Are Mythologems - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1128 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/07/30 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: King Lear Essay William Shakespeare Essay Did you like this example? Archetypes are mythologems that persist diachronically, that are embedded in the collective unconscious, and that are recurrently manifested in narrative form. They are the constituent elements of what Jung has called autochthonous revival a hypothesis that accounts for cross-cultural fantasy motifs inexplicable in the light of individual anamnesis. Jung had hypothesized these to be the latent vestiges of mental synthesis that existed long before man could verbalize his thoughts. A Jungian analysis seeks to identify mythologems, toposes, and associated fairy-tale motifs; it also seeks to indicate the aforementioned elements articulation with the universals of human deportment and perception. Shakespeares King Lear provides four main characters ripe for a Jungian analysis Lear and his three daughters, Regan, Goneril, and Cordelia. An extrapolation of King Lears instantiation as an ego-figure of the self, relative to the individuation process is at the helm of affairs; a deliberation on the recurrent literary topos of the number three proceeds, making special reference to the three sisters; and a thought exercise on the importance of Cordelia finalizes the composition. Although these topics are cogitated on a case-by-case basis, it is important to remember that they each relate to a focal subject-matter: the individuation process of King Lear, and his instantiation as an ego-figure of the self. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Archetypes Are Mythologems" essay for you Create order King Lears harrowing descent into madness is a fascinating tale that makes great use of the most asperous of all conflicts in the individuation process. The inchoative psychological disturbance that initiates this process is the Kings inflation of the ego-persona. Lears inflation of the ego-persona is evident in these lines: When I do stare, see how the subject quakes. I pardon that mans life (Shakespeare 4.6; 108-109). This powerful complex, in accord with Jungian theory, is liable to thrust an individual into a sort of liminal journey in search of the self, mining the unconscious in the process. A probing into the unconscious, by definition, sets one adrift on a sea of the unknown. Analogous to the external barrier that protects the ego from social reality (the persona), is an internal barrier that functions as a permeable stratum betwixt the ego and the dark recesses of the unconscious. Jung called this barrier the anima (in male psychology), and he considered it the bridge to the unconscious. When the anima, a so-called inferior function, is oriented toward the external world, as it is for King Lear, Jung would conjecture that the anima becomes a force of projection, resulting in the projection of intrapsychic archetypal images onto external objects. Identification with the anima leads to an abandonment of the unknown, a dismissal of unconscious images, and overall, a failure to adapt and transcend. The abnegation of the unknown [mytho-psychologically, the Great Mother], increases the likelihood that it will don a menacing countenance in its investable manifestation. This all bears true for King Lear. As a consequence of his fixation on the anima, a foreboding visage manifests itself in the second scene of act three: Blow, wind, and crack your cheeks! Rage, blow, You cataracts and hurricanos, spout Till you have drenched our steeples, drowned the cocks! You sulphrous and thought-executing fires, Vaunt-couriers of oak-cleaving thunderbolts, Singe my white head. And thou all-shaking thunder, Strike flat the thick rotundity othworld, Crack natures moulds, all germens spill at once That makes ingrateful man! (Shakespeare 3.2; 1-9) The nature of King Lears anima and psyche, as it is instantiated by his daughters, represents an intriguing paradox for a Jungian analysis. The great Jungian analyst, Edward Edinger, notes trinities to be dynamic manifestations of the father archetype. The prominent neurologist and psychoanalyst, Sigmund Freud, espoused his views on the nature of trinities in both The Interpretation of Dreams and The Theme of the Three Caskets (the latter, oddly enough, focuses on Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice and King Lear), making special reference to the Moirai, the three Fates of Greek mythology. Jung had contributed little to archetypal identity of the trinity, but has limned Gnostic, so to speak, on its fundamental nature. Only a synergistic use of the above-stated paradigmatic frameworks produces a cogent understanding of the functions of the three daughters in King Lear. Edingers paradigm would suggest that Regan, Goneril, and Cordelia are all animistic incarnates of the elder, or the father archetype. Jung, as previously noted, limned Gnostic on the subject of trinities, referencing the concept of homoousion, an idea that describes the marrow of a trinity as being generated of the same substance. Edinger and Jung postulate very similar ideas by dissimilar routes of perspective, together discerning the constituents of a trinity as being representative of a distinct wholeness. Uniting the concepts is the Freudian notion of the Moirai, the three Fates who orient the destiny of man. With the aforementioned background knowledge in mind, the three daughters can now be approached directly. The daughters are indeed dynamic representatives of a distinct wholeness, orienting the destiny of one man; the distinct wholeness can reliably be regarded as the anima, and the man as King Lear. Driving the plot and Lears destiny through integration, disintegration, and reintegration, the daughters are indeed orienting forces circumscribing the King, inducing certain behaviors in him and bringing him into confrontations with the unconscious. As a dichotomous model, however, they represent the psyche in either a negative or positive guise. For example, Cordelia disillusions her fathers fixation on the archetypal image of the anima by virtue of her independent will; in turn, the King disinherits her: Here I disclaim all my paternal care, Propinquity and property of blood, And as a stranger to my heart and me Hold thee from this forever . . . I loved her most, and thought to set my rest On her kind nursery. [To Cordelia] Hence and avoid my Sight! (Shakespeare 1.1; 111-114 121-122) Lear hereafter descended into a deep abyss as a result of the disillusionment of his anima-projection. As mentioned earlier, his identification with the anima reemerges with a foreboding visage. Following all of this, Goneril supplants her father and he is rendered destitute. However, in the end, Cordelia returns and restores Lears consciousness, reflected by Lears nonplussed utterance: Where have I been? Where am I? Fair daylight? (Shakespeare 4.7; 53). What is most interesting is the differentiation of his psyche, represented by a dualistic bifurcation of his daughters, who as a trinity reflect a distinct wholeness Lears anima. Cordelia can be reliably denoted as the positive instantiation of archetypal imagery throughout King Lear. From a Jungian perspective, Cordelia is the most important character in the entirety of the play by virtue of her role beyond a constituent of Lears triune framed anima and dualistically framed psyche. Although it is truly too nuanced an apprehension to thoroughly articulate, in the four scenes which Cordelia makes an appearance, she emanates the traditional qualities of the hero.

Post-WWI American Society Essay - 1124 Words

After the war, the American people made the change from old ways to new ways. Many factors, such as new technology, fundamentalism, new looks and church led to tension between the old and the new. The 1920s were a time of conflicting viewpoints between traditional behaviors and new and changing attitudes. New technology in the 1920s attributed to the change. Inventions such as the radio helped improve communication. Court trials, conventions, and meetings were broadcasted. Electrical appliances improved homes. In 1922, Sinclair Lewis wrote, These standard advertised wares- toothpastes, socks, tires, cameras, instantaneous hot-water heaters Ââ€" were his symbols and proofs of excellence, at first the signs, then the substitutes, for joy†¦show more content†¦Henry Ford was credited the most for the automobile. His assembly line made Model T was inexpensive and therefore was more available to the common man. New technology attributed to the new attitudes and demands. One of t he most changes was the new look for young women. The Flapper Era entered America. Ladies did the unthinkable in cutting their long hair to chin length bobs, smoking, wearing shorter dresses and even engaging in premarital sex. Traditional women were horrified at these loose morals and daring behavior. They pushed to stop the women reformers who pushed for legalized birth control. They spoke against the sensual behavior of young women. At this time marriage decreased and divorce increased because women became more independent Another source of tension was the difference in religious beliefs among people. A new way of thinking called Modernism emerged in which people took a slightly more critical look at the Bible. The people claimed to believe in the theory of evolution as opposed to the seven-day Creation story of Genesis. Fundamentalists, on the other hand, denounced this as blasphemy. These traditionalists took the word of the Bible as exact and literal. 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Planning - Sesigning and Conducting

Question: Discuss about the Planning, Sesigning and Conducting. Answer: Definition of Social Research Jha, (2014) defines social research as a form of a study carried out by social scientists who are concerned mainly with the society as well as the relationships which exist among individuals within it. Methodologies in social research can be categorized along qualitative or quantitative dimensions. Quantitative methodologies often address a common social occurrence using quantifiable evidence and in most of the cases depend on statistical analysis to generate reliable and valid overall claims about the phenomenon. It is related to quantity. A qualitative design, on the other hand, aims at comprehending a social event through data collection processes and procedures such as surveys, face-to-face interviews, or evaluation of secondary sources like journals and underlying theoretical works. It is entirely related to quality of the phenomenon under study (Hall, 2008). Most Appealing Theoretical Paradigm Sociological thinking in this class of study is guided by a basic image of society often referred to as theoretical paradigm. There are four theoretical models, namely, evolutionary theory, structural-functioning paradigm, the social-conflict paradigm, and the symbolic paradigm. Out of this four, evolutionary theory model appeals to me most. This line of thought proposes that a society goes through different phases in the development sequence and undergoes various stages of growth and expansion, from simple primitive, archaic society to complex modern society. This paradigm unlike the rest looks for series of transformation and provides an adequate explanation how the community comes to exist, grow, and progress. It is the mostly applied social research paradigm by investigators (Biel, Eek, Ga?rling, Gustafsson, 2008). Difference between a Literature Review and an Annotated Bibliography A literature review is written taking the form of an expository essay which includes an introduction, body, and a conclusion, often composed around a controlling thesis or ideology (Ridley, 2011).An annotated bibliography, on the other hand, is just a list of sources written in alphabetical order accompanied by comments. Furthermore, while an individual source appears once in an annotated bibliography, it might be referred to more than once in a literature review, according to its significance in the field or relation to other sources. A literature review encompasses its own intext citations and bibliography sometimes called work cited list. A literature review is a written text which is used to consider the crucial points of contemporary knowledge. It provides a comprehensive survey of the theoretical works composed in a certain discipline or area of study or a line of exploration, often over a stipulated period of time, taking the form of a detailed or critical appraisal of a parti cular author. In this respect, an annotated bibliography is a brief evaluative note or description added to every citation or reference, helping the researcher to assess whether the source is suitable for a certain topic or line of an autopsy. (Offenhauer, Buchalter, Library of Congress, National Institute of Justice (U.S.), 2011). My proposed research topic will focus on youth recidivism, primary causes, and possible prevention measures. My study will be based on both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. This is because I will be having two main motives behind my exploration. I will use quantitative data to discover how particular types of behaviors among the youth such as drug abuse and peer pressure lead to recidivism. Again I will use qualitative data to figure out why such age group engages in such misconducts. Besides, applying both qualitative and quantitative research designs in my study will enable me to address the big issue of recidivism or re-offense comprehensively in Australia with few research limitations. Recidivism is a social work oriented topic which has gotten attention of many researchers around the world (Payne Australian Institute of Criminology, 2007).However, the context of my investigation will be centered primarily in Australia. References Biel, A., Eek, D., Ga?rling, T., Gustafsson, M. (2008).New issues and paradigms in research on social dilemmas. New York, N.Y.: Springer. Hall, R. (2008).Applied social research: Planning, designing and conducting real-world research. South Yarra, Vic: Palgrave Macmillan. Jha, A. S. (2014).Social research methods. New Delhi: McGraw-Hill Education (India. Offenhauer, P., Buchalter, A. R., Library of Congress., National Institute of Justice (U.S.). (2011).Teen dating violence: A literature review and annotated bibliography. Washington, D.C.: National Institute of Justice. Payne, J., Australian Institute of Criminology. (2007).Recidivism in Australia: Findings and future research. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology. Ridley, D. (2011).The literature review: A step-by-step guide for students. Los Angeles: Sage.